A default gateway is where a computer sends requests to IP addresses that are not on its local network. If you want to access devices outside of your local network (such as devices on the Internet or another private network), a default gateway is required. Network Address Translation (NAT) is what performs this public-to-private translation. When making a request to the Internet, that private IP address must be converted into a public IP address. In this RFC, it says that no public device will use or recognize the following IP addresses: /8: to /12: to /16: to These ranges of IP addresses are available for anyone to use on their own internal (private) network. What are private IP addresses? The private IP address space is defined by RFC1918. IP Address Binary value Used for / Network Address / Hosts / / … … / / / / Broadcast Address IP Address & Subnet Mask The broadcast address is used if a request needs to be send to all hosts of the network. Both addresses should not be assigned to hosts. The first IP address in a network (all host bits = 0) is the network address and the last IP address (all host bits = 1) is always the broadcast address. 9 - The subnet mask also determines how many hosts can be located in the network. IP Address & Subnet Mask Network Host Network = IP Addr. Therefore the IP address /12 belongs to the network /12. 8 - Does the IP address /12 belong to the network /12? Subnet mask = /12 = The answer is YES: The network parts of the network /12 and of the IP address /12 are the same.
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